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Attendance in education and early years settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
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Introduction
A summary of attendance in education settings from 23 March 2020 to 27 May 2021 and early years settings from 16 April 2020 to 27 May 2021, excluding out of term dates as data is not collected. The data covers England only.
This publication provides a high-level summary of estimates from the Department for Education's education settings survey and local authority early years survey. Further data at national and local authority level is available in the underlying data.
Pupil absence in schools in England: autumn term stats were published on 27 May 2021 presenting absence data collected via the school census covering the pandemic. That release is derived from pupil level data from which further analysis, such as the amount of time missed, can be derived.
These statistics have been produced quickly in response to developing world events. In May 2020, the Office for Statistics Regulation, on behalf of the UK Statistics Authority, reviewed them against several key aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics and regarded them as consistent with the Code’s pillars of Trustworthiness, Quality and Value.
Data sharing
Data collected from the Education Settings Survey is shared as management information across national and local government for operational purposes. As part of the data share we explicitly highlight that the information is for internal purposes only and should not be shared more widely. The limitations of the data, which include variables with missing values, responses not being validated or issues being thoroughly investigated are highlighted to ensure recipients are aware that decisions should not be made in isolation and the risks of making conclusions based on the data alone. We engage with local users to try to prevent the data being shared inappropriately. Where we identify misuse of the data we work with those in receipt of the data to understand how it happened and to reduce the likelihood it will happen again.
Information shared across government includes variables that we have made a conscious decision not to share more widely at the present moment for a number of reasons including the quality of the data which could misinform or confuse users, however, they may provide useful insight for operational purposes, particularly at a local level.
The department is continuously reviewing what and how information collected from the survey is disseminated and we will endeavour to publish data at the earliest opportunity.
Headline facts and figures - 2021
Off-site provision for pupils in year 11 and 13 is impacting attendance estimates, therefore this commentary focuses on COVID-19 related absence to give the clearest picture of the impact of the pandemic on pupil attendance. All metrics usually available are included in the underlying data.
A small proportion of schools (less than 1%) were known to be on half term between 24 and 28 May and have been excluded from our estimates.
Open Rates
- Over 99.9% of state-funded schools were open on 27 May, similar to 20 May.
Pupil absence
For pupils, COVID-19 related absence includes those with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus, those self-isolating and those on roll in schools closed due to COVID-19 related reasons. Pupils that are shielding would not be included in these figures. Pupils self-isolating should receive remote education.
This data is as reported directly by schools via the Department for Education’s daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence, and COVID-19 cases overall. Further detail can be found within the coronavirus in the UK dashboard, national COVID-19 surveillance reports and coronavirus infection survey pilot statistics.
Secondary-age pupils should be offered asymptomatic testing, as per Department for Education guidance. Rates of pupil absence due to confirmed cases and self-isolation may be impacted by levels of testing. This should be taken into consideration when comparing absences between different types of schools.
- COVID-related pupil absence in state-funded schools increased to 1.8% on 27 May, following a period of stability at around 1% since the start of the summer term.
- In primary schools, COVID-related absence was 1.6% on 27 May
- In secondary schools, COVID-related absence was 2.0% on 27 May
- A breakdown of COVID-19 related pupil absence in open schools on 27 May is given in table 1. Among pupils absent for COVID-19 reasons, the main reason for absence is self-isolation due to contact with a potential case of coronavirus inside the school. On 27 May, 1.1% of pupils were absent for this reason, up from 0.7% on 20 May.
- 0.1% of pupils in state-funded schools were absent on 27 May because their school was closed due to COVID-19 related reasons.
Table 1: Proportion of pupils absent from open schools due to COVID-19 reasons on 27 May
| Phase | Proportion of pupils with a suspected case of COVID-19 (%) | Proportion of pupils with a confirmed case of COVID-19 (%) | Proportion of pupils self-isolating due to contact inside school (%) | Proportion of pupils self-isolating due to contact outside school (%) |
| State-funded primary | 0.3% | <0.1% | 0.9% | 0.4% |
| State-funded secondary | 0.1% | 0.1% | 1.4% | 0.3% |
| State-funded special | 0.4% | <0.1% | 0.8% | 0.4% |
| All state-funded schools | 0.2% | 0.1% | 1.1% | 0.3% |
Pupil absence by region
Local authority and regional level data are now included in this publication for the first half of the 2020/21 Summer term (from mid April to late May 2021). See the ‘Absence by local authority’ section and underlying data table 1c.
In the first half of the 2020/21 Summer term:
- With the exception of the North West, COVID-19 related pupil absence remained relatively low in all regions compared to the 2020/21 Autumn and Spring terms where data is available [1].
- The highest rate of absence in this period was 4% in the North West on 27 May, where COVID-19 absence has increased this half term. This is predominantly due to an increase in cases of coronavirus in the local authorities of Bolton and Blackburn with Darwen:
- In Bolton, 21% of primary and 31% of secondary pupils were reported as absent for COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, based on response rates of 58% and 70% respectively.
- In Blackburn with Darwen, 15% of primary and 13% of secondary pupils were reported as absent for COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, based on response rates of 91% and 100% respectively.
- The South West had the lowest levels of COVID-19 related pupil absence of any region, with levels well below 1% throughout the half term.
Pupil attendance
- Attendance in state-funded primary schools was 94% on 27 May, similar to 20 May.
- Pupil attendance in secondary schools fell by 8 percentage points between 5 and 27 May. An increase in COVID-related absence accounted for 1 percentage point of this drop. We estimate that the majority of the remaining drop was due to some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students in the summer term.
Workforce absence
This data is as reported directly by schools via the Department for Education’s daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence, and COVID-19 cases overall. Further detail can be found within the coronavirus in the UK dashboard, national COVID-19 surveillance reports and coronavirus infection survey pilot statistics.
For workforce, COVID-19 related absence includes staff with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus and those self-isolating. Staff that are shielding would not be included in these figures. All staff are also encouraged to take two rapid COVID-19 tests each week at home.
COVID-related absence amongst workforce has remained consistently low during the first half of the Summer term. For both teachers and school leaders and teaching assistants and other staff, COVID-related absence has been at or below 0.5% since the start of the summer term until 20 May, after which there was a slight increase.
- We estimate that 0.7% of teachers and school leaders in open state-funded schools were absent due to COVID-19 reasons on 27 May, up from 0.5% on 20 May.
- We estimate that 0.6% of teaching assistants and other staff in open state-funded schools were absent due to COVID-19 reasons on 27 May, up from 0.5% on 20 May.
- We estimate that 4.5% of teachers and school leaders and 4.5% of teaching assistants and other staff in open state-funded schools were absent for other reasons on 27 May.
Early years settings
- The early years local authority survey has moved to fortnightly. We estimate 922,000 children are currently attending early years childcare settings on Thursday 27 May 2021 – about 57% of the number of children who usually attend childcare in term time [2]. Due to many children attending EY settings on a part-time basis, we would not expect all children to be in attendance on the day of the data collection. On a typical day in the Summer term we expect attendance to be 1,154,000, due to different and part-time patterns of childcare during the week [3]. We estimate that the 922,000 children currently attending early years settings is approximately 80% of the usual daily level.
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[1] COVID related pupil absence is available from 12 October to 17 December 2020 and from 8 March 2021.
[2] The number of children in term time was estimated using outputs from the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019 and ONS National Population Projections: 2018 based.
[3] LAs are asked to send attendance in EY settings on a typical day of the week. We have calculated normal expected daily attendance based on estimates of the average number of days a child spends in formal childcare on any given day, using the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019. For further details please see the methodology section.
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Additional supporting files
Background
Following the announcement of the Prime Minister’s 4-step roadmap to COVID-19 recovery, school attendance once again became mandatory for all pupils from 8 March 2021. The usual rules and duties around school attendance have therefore been reinstated.
There are some instances where pupils cannot attend school due to coronavirus (COVID-19). A small number of pupils will still be unable to attend in line with public health advice to self-isolate because they:
- have symptoms or have had a positive test result
- live with someone who has symptoms or has tested positive and are a household contact
- are a close contact of someone who has coronavirus (COVID-19)
- are extremely vulnerable and therefore shielding
Pupils not receiving face-to-face education because they are complying with government guidance or legislation around coronavirus (COVID-19) should receive remote education.
The guidance for state-funded special schools, alternative provision and special post-16 institutions states that these providers should continue to allow all pupils and students to attend, unless they are self-isolating following public health advice. For providers with older pupils, every 16 to 19 student (or 19 to 25 with an EHCP) should undertake the majority of their planned hours on-site.
All staff should continue to be offered two rapid COVID-19 tests each week at home. Shielding advice has been paused nationally from 31 March 2021. Clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) individuals are no longer advised to shield but must continue to follow the rules in place for everyone under the current national restrictions. Staff in schools who are CEV are advised to continue to work from home where possible, but if they cannot work from home should attend their workplace.
Education settings survey
To help understand the impact of these decisions, the Department for Education (DfE) established a survey of schools and colleges in England. Schools and colleges are asked to report information to DfE each day.
Local authority early years survey
To help understand the impact of these decisions, from 6 April 2020, the Department of Education (DfE) asked local authorities (LAs) to regularly report to the DfE information on the number of children in attendance, including the number of settings open or closed. The focus of this survey was narrowed to early years settings from 16 April 2020. The early years local authority survey moved to fortnightly from 29 April 2021.
Patterns of childcare use vary through the year. Ordinarily, fewer early years settings are open and fewer children are in attendance during school holidays. This is due to reduced demand for childcare and the closure of term-time only and school-based settings. Key school holiday dates have been clearly marked on the corresponding charts.
The number of three-year-olds eligible for funded childcare, and therefore attending early years settings, increases through the academic year. Four-year-olds remain in early years settings before moving into reception in the autumn term, where attendance in settings decreases. Due to this, the underlying attendance assumptions are updated on a termly basis, which represents a break in the time series. This occurred on 10 September 2020 (for Autumn Term 2020), on 7 January 2021 (for Spring Term 2021) and on 22 April 2021 (for Summer Term 2021). For more details on the break in the time series, please see the methodology section.
Data coverage
This data release includes data from the education settings survey from 23 March 2020 to 27 May 2021 (excluding school holidays) and early years settings from 16 April 2020 to 27 May 2021.
The narrative in this document focuses on Thursday 27 May 2021 for education settings and early years settings.
Non-response adjustment
Education settings survey
Non-response adjustments made to published figures from 9 September 2020 are summarised here. The response rate among state-funded schools was 65% on 27 May.
Open rate and attendance figures for state-funded schools in this release are adjusted to account for those that did not respond to the survey. The methodology used from 8 March 2021 assumes that state-funded schools that did not respond were no more likely to be closed, ask pupils to self-isolate or have lower attendance than responding state-funded schools. This follows analysis of response patterns, data collected from a sample of non-responding schools, and comparison with data collected through regular phone calls between DfE and local authorities to identify any closed schools. Figures for state-funded schools have been weighted to take account of differences in response rate between different school types.
Attendance figures for further education providers were included for the first time from 30 March. The non-response methodology used is similar to that of state-funded settings, assuming the same attendance rates for non-responding settings as responding settings. We do not hold information on the expected daily attendance of non-responding settings and therefore use an average from a two-week period during the autumn term to provide this for all settings. Further information is detailed in the ‘methodology’ section of this publication.
Response rates for independent schools are lower than other settings (less than 60%) and, following review of a sample of non-responding independent schools, we found non-responding independent schools were more likely to be closed than responders. Figures for independent schools have not been adjusted to account for this response bias and are presented based on responding schools only. This methodology remains in place from 8 March 2021.
For the non-response adjustment methodology made to published figures from 23 March to 16 July 2020, see the July 21 publication. Non-response adjustments have not been made to local authority level data. Further information on non-response adjustment can be found in the ‘methodology’ section of this publication.
Local authority early years survey
For the local authority early years survey, figures for the number of settings open and closed and the number of children attending for those LAs which did not respond are estimated based on the proportions reported by LAs which did respond. The national estimate comprises reported figures from LAs which did respond combined with these estimates (see the methodology section). From 1 June 2020 onwards, this methodology has been revised to take into account the wider opening of early years settings.
Open status for state-funded schools
- 14,000 state-funded [4] schools responded to the survey on 27 May. This represents 65% of all state-funded schools. All figures for state-funded schools in this release are adjusted for non-response, for which further information can be found in the ‘methodology’ section of this release.
- Over 99.9% of state-funded schools were open on 27 May, similar to 20 May.
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[4] All figures are for state-funded schools. State-funded schools are primary, secondary, special schools and alternative provision. Further education colleges, post-16 special institutions and independent schools are not included in these figures, however estimates for these settings are included in the ‘Open status and attendance by type of school or college’ section of this publication.
Attendance in state-funded schools
Department for Education guidance states that school attendance became mandatory once again for all pupils from 8 March 2021. Pupils with COVID-19 symptoms, or who have someone in their household who has COVID-19 symptoms, should not attend school. If someone who attended school then tests positive for COVID-19, pupils they have been in close contact with will also be asked to self-isolate.
Absence in state-funded schools
The education settings survey asks open schools how many pupils are absent due to a suspected case of coronavirus, a confirmed case of coronavirus, self-isolation due to potential contact inside the school or self-isolation due to potential contact outside the school. These same questions were asked between 12 October and 17 December.
This data is as reported directly by schools via the Department for Education’s daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence, and COVID-19 cases overall. Further detail can be found within the coronavirus in the UK dashboard, national COVID-19 surveillance reports and coronavirus infection survey pilot statistics.
Secondary-age pupils should be offered asymptomatic testing, as per Department for Education guidance. Rates of pupil absence due to confirmed cases and self-isolation may be impacted by levels of testing. This should be taken into consideration when comparing absences between different types of schools.
For pupils, COVID-19 related absence includes pupils with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus, those self-isolating and those on roll in schools closed due to COVID-19 related reasons. Pupils that are shielding would not be included in these figures.
We estimate that 1.8% of all pupils on roll in state-funded schools did not attend school for COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, up from 1.3% on 20 May. This includes:
- 19,000 pupils with a suspected case of coronavirus, 0.2% of pupils on roll in open schools
- 4,000 pupils with a confirmed case of coronavirus, 0.1% of pupils on roll in open schools
- 90,000 pupils self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from inside the educational setting, 1.1% of pupils on roll in open schools
- 26,000 pupils self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from outside the educational setting, 0.3% of pupils on roll in open schools
- 0.1% of pupils were absent as a result of school closures due to COVID-related reasons.
Pupil attendance in state-funded schools
Pupil attendance in secondary schools fell by 8 percentage points between 5 and 27 May. An increase in COVID-related absence accounted for 1 percentage point of this drop. We estimate that the majority of the remaining drop was due to some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students in the summer term.
- On-site attendance in state-funded schools was 88% on 27 May, down from 91% on 20 May.
- The overall absence rate in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools in England in the 2018/19 academic year was 4.7%. However, there are are differences in the calculation of this figure and our attendance estimates that affect comparability, particularly during the Summer term [5]. Absence rates calculated from the census exclude students in year 12 and 13 and those in year 11 are excluded during the summer term, however these groups are currently included in the daily education settings survey.
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[5] 2018/19 overall absence rates include pupils aged 5-15 in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools. Our attendance estimates include 4-year olds in reception and pupils over the age of 15 in state-funded schools. Both of these groups of pupils have higher than average absence rates. Pupils on roll in alternative provision, who have a higher than average absence rate, are included in our attendance estimates, but excluded from the 2018/19 overall absence rates.
Vulnerable children in state-funded schools
Estimates of attendance among vulnerable children are affected by some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students in recent weeks.
Attendance of pupils with an EHCP and pupils with a social worker is typically lower than for other pupils [6].
- Approximately 85% of all pupils with an EHCP on roll in state-funded schools were in attendance on 27 May, down from 87% on 20 May.
- Approximately 82% of all pupils with a social worker on roll in all state-funded schools were in attendance on 27 May, down from 83% on 20 May. Pupils with a social worker are considered ‘children in need’. Our analysis after adjusting for non-response suggests that schools may be under-reporting the number of children with a social worker when compared to the most recently published children in need statistics [7]. Therefore, these estimates only account for pupils with a social worker that are identified by schools.
Pupils eligible for free school meals in state-funded schools
Estimates of attendance among pupils eligible for free school meals are affected by some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students in recent weeks.
Attendance of pupils eligible for FSM is typically lower than for other pupils [8]. Recently published data shows that the number of pupils eligible for free schools meals has increased from 1.44 million in January 2020 to 1.63 million on 1 October 2020.
- Approximately 87% of all pupils eligible for FSM on roll in state-funded schools were in attendance on 27 May, down from 88% on 20 May.
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[6] The attendance of pupils with EHCPs and children in need is typically lower than for other pupils. In the 2018/19 academic year, the overall absence rate was 8.7% for pupils with a statement of SEN or an EHCP and 11.4% for children in need see Pupil absence in schools statistics and characteristics of children in need statistics publication for more information. There are some differences in the calculation of these figures and our estimates that affect comparability. See our methodology for more details.
[7] Statistics: children in need and child protection Schools report on the form how many children with a social worker (SW) they have on roll. Our analysis suggests that the total number of children with a SW differs by at least 30% compared to published figures for children with a social worker.
[8] Data from the 2018/19 academic year calculates the typical absence rate of FSM pupils to be 7.5% when compared to 4.7% for all pupils. This data is published here.
Open status and attendance by type of school or college
Response rate varies between school or college types, therefore some are more sensitive to the non-response methodology than others. Response rates were lower among independent schools, which means there is greater uncertainty around their estimates.
See tables 2 and 3 for a summary of response rates, open rates and attendance rates by school and college type.
Pupil on-site attendance
- Attendance in state-funded primary schools was 94% on 27 May, similar to 20 May.
- Attendance in state-funded secondary schools was was 82% on 27 May, down from 89% on 5 May. An increase in COVID-related absence accounted for 1 percentage point of this 8 percentage point drop. We estimate that the majority of the remaining drop was due to some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students in the summer term.
- Attendance in state-funded special schools was 85% on 27 May, down from 86% on 20 May. Attendance at special schools is typically lower than at mainstream settings.
Attendance of vulnerable children and pupils eligible for free school meals
- In primary schools, approximately 91% of pupils with an education, health and care plan (EHCP), 90% of pupils with a social worker [7] and 92% of pupils eligible for free school meals were in attendance on 27 May. This compares to 94% attendance of all pupils in primary schools on 27 May. Attendance is down from 91% for pupils with a social worker, up from 91% for pupils eligible for free school meals and the same as 20 May for pupils with an EHCP.
- Equivalent figures for secondary schools are affected by some schools offering different provision for year 11 and 13 students and are therefore not summarised here. All measures are available in the underlying data.
Attendance in further education colleges
Further education colleges are asked to provide data for the previous day, therefore the data is lagged by one day and our reporting focuses on Wednesdays rather than Thursdays.
Further education colleges are asked to provide via the daily education settings survey the number of students that attended and the number of students that were expected to attend each day, to account for part-time students. Attendance figures for colleges include adult learners and part-time learners, as well as 16-19 year olds on full study programmes. Typically, attendance in further education colleges varies each day, term and academic year due to part-time learners and levels of enrolments.
From 5 January to 5 March 2021, further education colleges were expected to open only for vulnerable students and the children of critical workers, while all other students were expected to learn remotely.
Since 8 March 2021, all students aged 16-19 or 19-25 with an EHCP are expected to undertake the majority of their planned hours on-site [9]. Colleges were given flexibility to phase the return of students on-site to manage asymptomatic testing for COVID-19. Adult learners are also able to return on-site.
- 91% of further education colleges responded to the survey in reference to Wednesday 26 May. Further education colleges include general further education colleges, sixth form colleges and specialist designated colleges (for example land-based colleges).
- All responding further education colleges reported they were open on 26 May.
- We estimate 279,000 students were attending colleges on-site on 26 May, down from 309,000 on 19 May. See chart 3 for a summary of attendance in further education colleges between 11 January and 26 May 2021.
- On-site attendance in colleges in the autumn term typically ranged between 250,000 and 400,000 students each day. Due to quality issues with some data collected in the autumn term, attendance estimates in colleges are not available for each day in the autumn term.
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[9] A majority of planned hours is considered over 50% of a student’s planned programme.
Workforce absence
Workforce absence
Following the wider reopening of schools on 8 March 2021, all staff were expected to return to work on-site. Shielding advice was paused nationally from 31 March 2021 and clinically extremely vulnerable individuals are no longer advised to shield.
Interpretation of workforce absence data
For workforce, COVID-19 related absence includes staff with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus and those self-isolating. Staff that are shielding would not be included in these figures.
The purpose of this data collection is primarily to understand attendance and teacher availability. This data is reported directly by schools via Department for Education's daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence and COVID-19 cases overall. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) have published an analysis of schools workers during COVID-19 within these publications: COVID-19 Schools Infection Survey , COVID-19 Infection Survey from February 2021, and COVID-19 Infection Survey from November 2020.
On-site testing for staff was available from 4 January to 5 March. All staff are now encouraged to take two rapid COVID-19 tests each week at home. For staff classified as clinically extremely vulnerable, on-site attendance at work is not mandatory. Rates of confirmed cases and self-isolation among workforce may be impacted by levels of testing.
Workforce unable to work on-site
- We estimate 0.7% of teachers and school leaders and 0.6% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools due to COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, up from 0.5% for both groups on 20 May.
- 0.1% of teachers and school leaders and less than 0.1% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools with a suspected case of coronavirus on 27 May. This is the similar to 20 May.
- 0.1% of teachers and school leaders and 0.1% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools with a confirmed case of coronavirus on 27 May. This is the similar to 20 May.
- 0.4% of teachers and school leaders and 0.4% teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from inside the setting on 20 May. This is the up from 0.2% for teachers and school leaders and up from 0.3% for teaching assistants and other staff when compared to 20 May.
- 0.2% of teachers and school leaders and 0.2% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from outside the setting on 27 May. This is up from 0.1% for teachers and school leaders and 0.1% for teaching assistants and other staff when compared to 20 May.
- We estimate that 4.5% of teachers and school leaders and 4.5% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools for ‘other’ reasons on 27 May.
Workforce absence by school or college type is summarised in tables 4 and 5.
Absence by local authority
Data at local authority level is published for each Thursday in the 2020/21 academic year up to Thursday 27 May in underlying data table 1c. Data for some Wednesdays is also provided, where this was used for the national commentary.
Interpretation of local authority level data
Local authority level data is based on responding schools only.
Unlike national level data, no adjustments are made for non-response.
Response rates vary by local authority and by school phase or type within local authorities. Different schools within a local authority may respond on different days. Care should therefore be taken when comparing local authorities and when interpreting trends over time because differences could be due to response bias - where responding schools are not representative of all schools - and/or different schools being included in the data.
Where there are differences in response rates between school phase or type, such as a higher response rate in primary schools than secondary schools, data by school phase or type is likely to be more reliable than overall data for all state-funded schools.
Percentages will be more robust than overall numbers of schools or children as these have not been scaled up.
Local authorities with response rates 50% or below are flagged as such in the underlying data.
Some data is based on fewer schools than others, making it more sensitive to change.
The number of state-funded schools varies considerably by local authority: from 22 in Rutland to over 600 in Lancashire, excluding City of London and Isles of Scilly which have one each. Data based on a small numbers of schools, particularly when comparing over time, can be more variable.
Data based on one school has been suppressed and data based on 10 or fewer schools are flagged as such in the underlying data.
Typically, attendance is higher in some local authorities than others.
Differences in attendance between local areas before the coronavirus outbreak should be taken into account when comparing local authorities.
Pupil absence in the 2019 autumn term is published by local authority and shows that absence ranged from 2.9 to 6.5% at local authority level. There are some differences in the calculation of pupil absence and our attendance estimates that affect comparability, particularly during the Summer term [10] Absence rates calculated from the census exclude students in year 12 and 13 and those in year 11 are excluded during the summer term, however these groups are currently included in the daily education settings survey.
Summary of absence by local area
Off-site provision for pupils in year 11 and 13 is impacting attendance estimates, therefore this commentary focuses on COVID-19 related absence to give the clearest picture of the impact of the pandemic on pupil attendance. All metrics usually available are included in the underlying data.
Rates of pupil absence due to confirmed cases and self-isolation may be impacted by levels of testing. This should be taken into consideration when comparing absences between different types of schools and over time.
Chart 1 summarises COVID-19 related absence in each region from October 2020 to May 2021.
In the first half of the 2020/21 Summer term:
- With the exception of the North West, COVID-19 related pupil absence remained relatively low in all regions compared to the 2020/21 Autumn and Spring terms where data is available [1].
- The highest rate of absence in this period was 4% in the North West on 27 May, where COVID-19 absence has increased this half term. This is predominantly due to an increase in cases of coronavirus in the local authorities of Bolton and Blackburn with Darwen:
- In Bolton, 21% of primary and 31% of secondary pupils were reported as absent for COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, based on response rates of 58% and 70% respectively.
- In Blackburn with Darwen, 15% of primary and 13% of secondary pupils were reported as absent for COVID-19 related reasons on 27 May, based on response rates of 91% and 100% respectively.
- The South West had the lowest levels of COVID-19 related pupil absence of any region, with levels well below 1% throughout the half term.
- Comparing COVID-19 absence in primary and secondary state funded schools, they follow a similar trend between 22 April and 20 May in all regions. The increase in COVID-19 absences on 27 May in the North West is more pronounced in state funded secondary schools than primary schools.
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[10] Overall absence rates that use school census data include pupils aged 5-15 in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools. Our attendance estimates include 4-year olds in reception and pupils over the age of 15 in state-funded schools. Both of these groups of pupils have higher than average absence rates. Pupils on roll in alternative provision, who have a higher than average absence rate, are included in our attendance estimates, but excluded from the overall absence rates that use school census data
Charts 2 and 3 show COVID-19 related pupil absence in state primaries and secondaries respectively in each local authority from 22 April to 27 May.
- Areas with higher COVID-19 related absence are generally local authorities with higher rates of COVID-19 in the population at that time and vice versa.
- The ranges for each chart are automatically set and the same shade does not mean the same level of attendance on each chart.
- Data for Northamptonshire are not displayed on the chart following boundary changes. Data for this local authority is available in the underlying data.
- Response rates for state-funded primary and state-funded secondary schools should be considered when making comparisons between local authorities.
Chart 4 summarises workforce absence due to COVID-19 related reasons and absence due to other reasons between 22 April and 27 May.
The chart combines data for teachers and school leaders and teaching assistants and support staff in state-funded schools to give an overall workforce figure because their levels of absence and trends over time are similar. Data for the separate groups is in the underlying data.
- Across all regions, the proportion of the school workforce absent due to COVID-19 related reasons has remained low throughout the first half of the Summer term.
- On 27 May there was a slight increase in COVID-19 related absences in the North West.
- Absence for other reasons has remained relatively stable during the first half of the Summer term.
Early years settings
The response rate to the early years local authority survey was 86%, with 131 out of 152 LAs submitting data on 27 May 2021.
The following figures are adjusted for non-response. More information can be found in the Methodology section of this release.
- An estimated 55,000 early years settings were open on 27 May 2021. This represents 82% of all settings, with 6% closed and 12% unknown [10]. The percentage closed may include some providers which are open, due to differences in the ways local authorities collect data and report non-responses. This is currently being reviewed.
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[10] Due to rounding, these do not always sum to 100%.
Estimated number of children in attendance
The number of children in attendance is as reported by Local Authorities, based on data they collect from Early Years providers. Depending on the data collection methodology used, estimates could be affected by the number of providers submitting their information every other week. As such there is a high degree of uncertainty around the figures. We believe actual attendance to be higher than indicated, due to not all Local Authorities reporting data for all providers.
- We estimate 922,000 children attended early years settings on 27 May 2021. This represents approximately 57% of the number of children who usually attend childcare in term time [11].
- Due to many children attending EY settings on a part-time basis, we would not expect all children to be in attendance on the day of the data collection. On a typical day in the Summer term we expect attendance to be 1,154,000. We estimate that the 922,000 children currently attending early years settings is approximately 80% of the usual daily level [12].
- Approximately 41,000 vulnerable children attended early years settings on 27 May 2021. This represents around 51% of 0 to 4 year olds classified as ‘Children in Need’ or who have an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) [13].
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[11] The number of children in term time was estimated using outputs from the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019 and ONS National Population Projections: 2018 based.
[12] LAs are asked to send attendance in EY settings on a typical day of the week. We have calculated normal expected daily attendance based on estimates of the average number of days a child spends in formal childcare on any given day, using the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019. For further details please see the methodology section.
[13] Attendance rates for vulnerable children are presented as a proportion of the estimated number of children aged 0-4 with an EHCP using formal childcare (from the 2020 Children in Need census) plus the total number of Children in Need aged 0-4 (from the January 2020 school census). This excludes children in Reception classes. We do not have estimates of the number of Children in Need who usually use formal childcare. The attendance rate is presented to allow comparisons to be made over time, but does not accurately represent a ‘typical attendance rate’ and is not comparable with the proportion of children who usually attend childcare in term time nor with the schools attendance rates for Vulnerable Children.
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Methodology
Find out how and why we collect, process and publish these statistics.
Official statistics
These are Official Statistics and have been produced in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.
This can be broadly interpreted to mean that these statistics are:
- managed impartially and objectively in the public interest
- meet identified user needs
- produced according to sound methods
- well explained and readily accessible
Find out more about the standards we follow to produce these statistics through our Standards for official statistics published by DfE guidance.
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If you have a specific enquiry about Attendance in education and early years settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic statistics and data:
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Telephone: Raffaele Sasso
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