Week 12 2021

Attendance in education and early years settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

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Department for Education

Introduction

A summary of attendance in education settings from Monday 23 March 2020 to Thursday 18 March 2021 (excluding out of term dates as data not collected) and early years settings from Thursday 16 April 2020 to 18 March 2021. The data covers England only. 

This publication provides a high-level summary of estimates from the Department for Education's education settings survey and local authority early years survey. Further data at national and local authority level is available in the underlying data.

These statistics have been produced quickly in response to developing world events. In May 2020, the Office for Statistics Regulation, on behalf of the UK Statistics Authority, reviewed them (opens in a new tab) against several key aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics and regarded them as consistent with the Code’s pillars of Trustworthiness, Quality and Value.

Expansion of publication content in future releases

We are working to expand the scope of published data in future releases.

We will publish data on the attendance of pupils eligible for free school meals and pupil attendance within further education settings in the publication on 30 March.

Data sharing

Data collected from the Education Settings Survey is shared as management information across national and local government for operational purposes. As part of the data share we explicitly highlight that the information is for internal purposes only and should not be shared more widely. The limitations of the data, which include variables with missing values, responses not being validated or issues being thoroughly investigated are highlighted to ensure recipients are aware that decisions should not be made in isolation and the risks of making conclusions based on the data alone. We engage with local users to try to prevent the data being shared inappropriately. Where we identify misuse of the data we work with those in receipt of the data to understand how it happened and to reduce the likelihood it will happen again.

Information shared across government includes variables that we have made a conscious decision not to share more widely at the present moment for a number of reasons including the quality of the data which could misinform or confuse users, however, they may provide useful insight for operational purposes, particularly at a local level.

The department is continuously reviewing what and how information collected from the survey is disseminated and we will endeavour to publish data at the earliest opportunity.

Related information

Releases in this series

View releases (70) for Attendance in education and early years settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Methodologies

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Background

Following the announcement of the Prime Minister’s 4-step roadmap to COVID-19 recovery, school attendance once again became mandatory for all pupils from 8 March 2021. The usual rules and duties (opens in a new tab) around school attendance have therefore been reinstated. 

There are some instances where pupils cannot attend school due to coronavirus (COVID-19). A small number of pupils will still be unable to attend in line with public health advice to self-isolate because they:

  • have symptoms or have had a positive test result
  • live with someone who has symptoms or has tested positive and are a household contact
  • are a close contact of someone who has coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • are extremely vulnerable and therefore shielding

Pupils not receiving face-to-face education because they are complying with government guidance or legislation around coronavirus (COVID-19) should receive remote education.

The guidance for state-funded special schools, alternative provision and special post-16 institutions states that these providers should continue to allow all pupils and students to attend, unless they are self-isolating following public health advice. For providers with older pupils, every 16 to 19 student (or 19 to 25 with an EHCP) should undertake the majority of their planned hours on-site.

During the week commencing 8 March, schools were asked to offer secondary-age pupils asymptomatic testing on site. Pupils who consented to testing should have returned to face-to-face education following their first negative test result. Pupils not undergoing testing should attend school in line with the phased return arrangements of the school. Vulnerable children and children of critical workers in secondary schools should continue to attend school throughout unless they had received a positive test result. 

Colleges and special post-16 institutions were able to test students on return, initially on site and then moving towards home testing. Specialist settings had flexibility in how this was delivered. (opens in a new tab)

All staff should continue to be offered two rapid COVID-19 tests each week at home. For staff classified as clinically extremely vulnerable, on-site attendance at work is not mandatory.

Education settings survey

To help understand the impact of these decisions, the Department for Education (DfE) established a survey of schools and colleges in England. Schools and colleges are asked to report information to DfE each day.

Further detail on amendments to this form can be found in the methodology. The most recent education settings survey went live on 8 March 2021 and reflect the most recent policy changes detailed above, including the phased return of secondary pupils and an understanding of lateral flow testing.

Local authority early years survey

To help understand the impact of these decisions, from 6 April 2020, the Department of Education (DfE) asked local authorities (LAs) to regularly report to the DfE information on the number of children in attendance, including the number of settings open or closed. The focus of this survey was narrowed to early years settings from 16 April. 

The early years local authority survey continues on a weekly basis. Ordinarily, fewer early years settings are open and fewer children are in attendance during school holidays. This is due to reduced demand for childcare and the closure of term-time only and school-based settings. Key school holiday dates have been clearly marked on the corresponding charts. 

The number of three-year-olds eligible for funded childcare, and therefore attending early years settings, increases through the academic year. Attendance in settings decreases in the autumn when children move to reception. Due to this, the underlying attendance assumptions are updated on a termly basis, which represents a break in the time series. This occurred on 10 September (for Autumn Term 2020) and on 7 January (for Spring Term 2021). For more details on the break in the time series, please see the methodology section. 

Data coverage

This data release includes data from the education settings survey from 23 March 2020 to 18 March 2021 (excluding out of term dates as data was not collected) and early years settings from 16 April 2020 to 18 March 2021. 

The narrative in this document focuses on Thursday 18 March 2021 for education settings and early years settings.

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Non-response adjustment

Education settings survey

Non-response adjustments made to published figures from 9 September 2020 are summarised here. The response rate among state-funded schools was 75% on 18 March. 

Open rate and attendance figures for state-funded schools in this release are adjusted to account for those that did not respond to the survey. The methodology used from 8 March 2021 assumes that state-funded schools that did not respond were no more likely to be closed, ask pupils to self-isolate or have lower attendance than responding state-funded schools. This follows analysis of response patterns, data collected from a sample of non-responding schools, and comparison with data collected through regular phone calls between DfE and local authorities to identify any closed schools. Figures for state-funded schools have been weighted to take account of differences in response rate between different school types.

Response rates for independent schools are lower than other settings (less than 60%) and, following review of a sample of non-responding independent schools, we found non-responding independent schools were more likely to be closed than responders. Figures for independent schools have not been adjusted to account for this response bias and are presented based on responding schools only. This methodology remains in place from 8 March 2021.

For the non-response adjustment methodology made to published figures from 23 March to 16 July 2020, see the July 21 publication. Non-response adjustments have not been made to local authority level data. Further information on non-response adjustment can be found in the ‘methodology’ section of this publication.

Local authority early years survey

For the local authority early years survey, figures for the number of settings open and closed and the number of children attending for those LAs which did not respond are estimated based on the proportions reported by LAs which did respond. The national estimate comprises reported figures from LAs which did respond combined with these estimates (see the methodology section). From 1 June onwards, this methodology has been revised to take into account the wider opening of early years settings.

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Open status for state-funded schools

  • 16,200 state-funded [4] schools responded to the survey on 18 March. This represents 75% of all state-funded schools. All figures for state-funded schools in this release are adjusted for non-response, for which further information can be found in the ‘methodology’ section of this release.
  • 99.9% of state-funded schools were on open on 18 March.
  • Of the small proportion (less than 0.1%) of state-funded schools that were closed, most were closed due to COVID-19 related reasons.

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[4] All figures are for state-funded schools. State-funded schools are primary, secondary, special schools and alternative provision. Further education colleges, post-16 special institutions and independent schools are not included in these figures, however estimates for these settings are included in the ‘Open status and attendance by type of school or college’ section of this publication.

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Attendance in state-funded schools

Department for Education guidance states that school attendance became once again mandatory for all pupils from March 8 2021, with secondary schools given the flexibility to phase the return of pupils to support on-site asymptomatic testing. Pupils with COVID-19 symptoms, or who have someone in their household who has COVID-19 symptoms, should not attend school. If someone who has attended school then tests positive for COVID-19, pupils they have been in close contact with will also be asked to self-isolate.

Pupil attendance in state-funded schools

Secondary schools were given flexibility to phase the return of pupils between 8 and 12 March to manage testing and the return of pupils. This impacted attendance rates during the week commencing 8 March 2021.

  • On-site attendance in state-funded schools was 91% on 18 March, up from 89% on 11 March, when some secondary schools were still phasing the return of pupils.
  • The overall absence rate in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools in England in the 2018/19 academic year was 4.7%. There are some differences in the calculation of this figure and our attendance estimates that affect comparability [5].

Absence in state-funded schools

The education settings survey asks open schools how many pupils are absent due to a suspected case of coronavirus, a confirmed case of coronavirus, self-isolation due to potential contact inside the school or self-isolation due to potential contact outside the school. These same questions were asked between 12 October and 17 December. 

This data is as reported directly by schools via the Department for Education’s daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence, and COVID-19 cases overall. Further detail can be found within the coronavirus in the UK dashboard (opens in a new tab), national COVID-19 surveillance reports (opens in a new tab) and coronavirus infection survey pilot statistics. (opens in a new tab)

Following the wider opening of schools on 8 March, schools were asked to offer secondary-age pupils asymptomatic testing on site. Pupils who consented to testing should have been offered three tests on site. Pupils were then encouraged to take two rapid tests each week at home. Rates of pupil absence due to confirmed cases and self-isolation may be impacted by levels of testing. This should be taken into consideration when comparing absences between different types of schools.

For pupils, COVID-19 related absence includes pupils with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus, those self-isolating and those on roll in schools closed due to COVID-19 related reasons. Pupils that are shielding would not be included in these figures.

We estimate that 2% of all pupils on roll in state-funded schools did not attend school for COVID-19 related reasons on 18 March, up from 1% on 11 March. This includes:

  • 7,000 pupils with a confirmed case of coronavirus, 0.1% of pupils on roll in open schools
  • 21,000 pupils with a suspected case of coronavirus, 0.3% of pupils on roll in open schools
  • 127,000 pupils self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from inside the educational setting, 1.6% of pupils on roll in open schools
  • 42,000 pupils self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from outside the educational setting, 0.5% of pupils on roll in open schools
  • 4,000 pupils were unable to attend school because their school was closed due to COVID-19 reasons, less than 0.1% of all pupils on roll

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[5] 2018/19 overall absence rates include pupils aged 5-15 in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools. Our attendance estimates include 4-year olds in reception, 16-year olds in year 11 and all students in sixth forms. Pupils on roll in alternative provision (who have a higher than average absence rate) are included in our attendance estimates, but excluded from the 2018/19 overall absence rates. 

Vulnerable children in state-funded schools

Attendance of pupils with an EHCP and pupils with a social worker is typically lower than for other pupils [6].

Attendance rates of vulnerable children in state-funded schools were affected by the phased return of secondary-age pupils between 8 and 12 March.

  • Approximately 85% of all pupils with an EHCP on roll in state-funded schools were in attendance on 18 March, up from 84% on 11 March and 47% on 4 March. 
  • Approximately 82% of all pupils with a social worker on roll in all state-funded schools were in attendance on 18 March, similar to 11 March and up from 51% on 4 March. Pupils with a social worker are considered ‘children in need’. Our analysis after adjusting for non-response suggests that schools may be under-reporting the number of children with a social worker when compared to the most recently published children in need statistics [7]. Therefore, these estimates only account for pupils with a social worker that are identified by schools.

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[6]  The attendance of pupils with EHCPs and children in need is typically lower than for other pupils. In the 2018/19 academic year, the overall absence rate was 8.7% for pupils with a statement of SEN or an EHCP and 11.4% for children in need see Pupil absence in schools statistics and characteristics of children in need statistics  (opens in a new tab) publication for more information. There are some differences in the calculation of these figures and our estimates that affect comparability.  See our methodology for more details.  

[7] Statistics: children in need and child protection (opens in a new tab)Schools report on the form how many children with a social worker (SW) they have on roll. Our analysis suggests that the total number of children with a SW differs by at least 30% compared to published figures for children with a social worker.

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Open status and attendance by type of school or college

Response rate varies between school or college types, therefore some are more sensitive to the non-response methodology than others. Response rates were lower among independent schools, which means there is greater uncertainty around their estimates.

See tables 2 and 3 for a summary of response rates, open rates and attendance rates by school and college type.

Pupil on-site attendance

  • Attendance in state-funded primary schools was 93% on 18 March, down from 95% on 11 March and 94% on 15 March.
  • Department for Education guidance (opens in a new tab) says secondary school-age pupils should be offered on-site asymptomatic testing from 8 March. Secondary schools were given flexibility to phase the return of pupils between 8 and 12 March to manage testing and the return of pupils. Attendance in state-funded secondary schools was 89% on 18 March, similar to 15 March. Attendance at secondary schools in the week commencing 15 March was the highest reported attendance since the start of the coronavirus pandemic.
  • Attendance in state-funded special schools was 83% on 18 March, similar to 11 March. Attendance at state-funded special schools is typically lower than mainstream settings.
  • Attendance rates are not yet reported for FE colleges or special post-16 institutions as we develop a methodology to account for the fact that some learners attend part-time.

Attendance of vulnerable children

  • In primary schools, approximately 90% of pupils with an education, health and care plan (EHCP) and 89% of pupils with a social worker [7] were in attendance on 18 March. This compares to 93% attendance of all pupils in primary schools on 18 March. Attendance is down from 91% of pupils with an EHCP and 91% of pupils with a social worker in primary schools on 11 March.
  • In secondary schools, approximately 82% of pupils with an education, health and care plan (EHCP) and 77% of pupils with a social worker  [7] were in attendance on 18 March. This compares to 89% attendance of all pupils in secondary schools on 18 March. Attendance is up from 77% of pupils with an EHCP and 72% of pupils with a social worker in secondary schools on 11 March, when secondary settings were still completing the phased return of pupils.
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Workforce absence in state-funded schools

Workforce absence

Following the wider reopening of school on 8 March 2021, all staff were expected to return to work on-site except those who are clinically extremely vulnerable.

Interpretation of workforce absence data

The purpose of this data collection is primarily to understand attendance and teacher availability. This data is reported directly by schools via Department for Education's daily education settings survey. It is not the primary source of data on infection, incidence and COVID-19 cases overall. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) have published an analysis of schools workers during COVID-19 within these publications: COVID-19 Schools Infection Survey (opens in a new tab), COVID-19 Infection Survey from February 2021 (opens in a new tab), and COVID-19 Infection Survey from November 2020 (opens in a new tab).

From 5 January 2021, schools were asked to provide remote education for the majority of pupils which enabled staff to work remotely. Therefore, absence data from 11 January to 5 March was collected for staff unable to teach on-site or remotely, and not on staff who were self-isolating but could still teach remotely. Therefore, figures collected from 11 January to 5 March are not comparable to workforce absence data collected in the 2020/21 Autumn term or from 8 March 2021.

On-site testing for staff was available from 4 January to 5 March. All staff are now encouraged to take two rapid COVID-19 tests each week at home. For staff classified as clinically extremely vulnerable, on-site attendance at work is not mandatory. Rates of confirmed cases and self-isolation among workforce may be impacted by levels of testing.

For workforce, COVID-19 related absence includes staff with a confirmed or suspected case of coronavirus and those self-isolating. Staff that are shielding would not be included in these figures.

Workforce unable to work on-site 

  • We estimate 1.3% of teachers and school leaders and 1.7% teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools due to COVID-19 related reasons on 18 March, up from 1% for teachers and school leaders and 1.4% for teaching assistants and other staff on 11 March.
    • 0.2% teachers and school leaders and 0.2% teaching assistants and other staff in open schools with a confirmed case of coronavirus. This is similar to last week.
    • 0.1% teachers and school leaders and 0.2% teaching assistants and other staff in open schools with a suspected case of coronavirus. This is down from 0.2% for teachers and school leaders and similar for teaching assistants and other staff when compared to 11 March.
    • 0.6% teachers and school leaders and 0.7% teaching assistants and other staff in open schools self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from inside the setting. This is up from 0.2% for teachers and school leaders and 0.3% for teaching assistants and other staff on 11 March.
    • 0.4% teachers and school leaders and 0.6% teaching assistants and other staff in open schools self-isolating due to potential contact with a case of coronavirus from outside the setting. This is similar to last week for teachers and school leaders and up from 0.5% for teaching assistants and other staff.
  • We estimate that 4.9% of teachers and school leaders and 5.9% of teaching assistants and other staff were absent from open schools for ‘other’ reasons on 18 March.

Workforce absence by school or college type is summarised in tables 4 and 5.

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Early years settings

The response rate to the early years local authority survey was 91%, with 137 out of 151 LAs submitting data on 18 March.

The following figures are adjusted for non-response. More information can be found in the Methodology section of this release.

  • An estimated 55,000 early years settings were open on 18 March. This represents 81% of all settings, with 8% closed and 12% unknown [8]. The percentage closed may include some providers which are open, due to differences in the ways local authorities collect data and report non-responses. This is currently being reviewed.

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[8] Due to rounding, these do not always sum to 100%. 

Estimated number of children in attendance

The number of children in attendance is as reported by Local Authorities, based on data they collect from Early Years providers. Depending on the data collection methodology used, estimates could be affected by the number of providers submitting their information each week. As such there is a high degree of uncertainty around the figures. We believe actual attendance to be higher than indicated, due to not all Local Authorities reporting data for all providers.

  • We estimate 815,000 children attended early years settings on 18 March, up from 802,000 on 11 March. This represents approximately 55% of the number of children who usually attend childcare in term time [9].
  • Due to many children attending EY settings on a part-time basis, we would not expect all children to be in attendance on the day of the data collection. On a typical day in the Spring term we expect attendance to be 1,052,000. We estimate that the  815,000 children currently attending early years settings is approximately 78% of the usual daily level [10].
  • Approximately 35,000 vulnerable children attended early years settings on 18 March, down from 36,000 on 11 March. This represents around 44% of 0 to 4 year olds classified as ‘Children in Need’ or who have an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) [11].

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[9] The number of children in term time was estimated using outputs from the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019 (opens in a new tab) and ONS National Population Projections: 2018 based. (opens in a new tab)

[10] LAs are asked to send attendance in EY settings on a typical day of the week. We have calculated normal expected daily attendance based on estimates of the average number of days a child spends in formal childcare on any given day, using the Childcare and early years survey of parents: 2019 (opens in a new tab). For further details please see the methodology section.

[11] Attendance rates for vulnerable children are presented as a proportion of the estimated number of children aged 0-4 with an EHCP using formal childcare (from the 2020 children in Need census) plus the total number of Children in Need aged 0-4 (from the January 2020 school census). This excludes children in Reception classes. We do not have estimates of the number of Children in Need who usually use formal childcare. The attendance rate is presented to allow comparisons to be made over time, but does not accurately represent a ‘typical attendance rate’ and is not comparable with the proportion of children who usually attend childcare in term time nor with the schools attendance rates for Vulnerable Children. 

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Methodology

Find out how and why we collect, process and publish these statistics.

Official statistics

These are Official Statistics and have been produced in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

This can be broadly interpreted to mean that these statistics are:

  • managed impartially and objectively in the public interest
  • meet identified user needs
  • produced according to sound methods
  • well explained and readily accessible

Find out more about the standards we follow to produce these statistics through our Standards for official statistics published by DfE guidance.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR).

OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

Contact us

If you have a specific enquiry about Attendance in education and early years settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic statistics and data:

COVID Attendance Statistics

Email: Datarequests.COVID@education.gov.uk
Contact name: Raffaele Sasso

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