Methodology

Children's social work workforce

• Published: 23 February 2023

Background and coverage

The information in this statistical release is based on data collected by the Department for Education in the annual statutory census collection on the children’s social work workforce. The census collects information from local authorities in England on the social workers and agency workers they employ within their children’s services departments. 

The guide to submitting data provides information on how local authorities should collect and submit data to complete the children’s social work workforce census.

Children and family social workers are social workers registered with Social Work England (SWE), formerly the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), working in a local authority in a children’s services department or, if working in an authority where the services are joined up, a social worker that works primarily on children and families work. 

Since 2013 the children’s social work workforce census has collected data for each full year ending 30 September. Data was collected at an aggregate (local authority) level from 2013 to 2016. From 2017 onwards data has been collected on individual social workers, with the latest collection covering the year from 1 October 2021 to 30 September 2022. 

Prior to 2013, the primary source for information on the children and family social work workforce was the National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDS-SC). This was a voluntary return. The last report on this data published by the department covered the workforce at December 2012 and used data returned by 68 out of the 152 local authorities. There has been a 100% response rate for each of the statutory collections since 2013.

The information in this release is based only on data collected since 2017; the first year data was collected on individual social workers. Data for earlier years is published in the children's social work workforce statistics collection.

These statistics have been published as official statistics since 2020, whereas previously they were classified as experimental statistics. More information on the code of practice for official statistics is available from the UK Statistics Authority.

Users should read all footnotes and caveats included in this publication to understand the practical applications and limitations of the data. In particular, comparisons with earlier years should be done with a degree of caution, as any changes may in part be a result of improvements in data quality. Refer to the ‘Data Quality and Uses’ section for more information on data quality issues.

Reporting arrangements for specific local authorities

Kingston upon Thames and Richmond upon Thames 

Kingston upon Thames and Richmond upon Thames submit a joint census return each year through Achieving for Children, a social enterprise company created by the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to provide their children’s services. As a result of this arrangement their data cannot be broken down to an individual local authority level and is instead reported together against Kingston upon Thames. This arrangement has no impact on the regional and national totals included in this publication.

North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire

In April 2021 Northamptonshire local authority was replaced with two new unitary authorities, North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire.  North Northamptonshire submitted combined data for both unitary authorities in the 2021 and 2022 censuses and data for both authorities is reported against North Northamptonshire in this statistics publication. 

Gateshead

After the children’s social work workforce census closed on 30 November 2022, Gateshead local authority informed DfE that the data they had submitted for leavers in the year ending 30 September 2022 was incorrect and an undercount of the true number. This information was not received in time to update the published data, which shows that Gateshead had 1 leaver (headcount and full-time equivalent) in the year ending September 30 2022. The true values for leavers from Gateshead local authority in the year ending September 30 2022 were 25 (headcount) and 23.7 (FTE). These figures result in revised turnover rates of 15.2% (headcount) and 15.4% (FTE) compared to the published figures of 0.6% (headcount) and 0.7% (FTE) for the year ending September 30 2022.

Data collection and cleaning

Data collection

Local authorities are required by the Department for Education (the department) to collect and return individual level data on children and family social workers in post at 30 September, and starters and leavers during the year ending 30 September. Some data items are not included in the statistical release, because of concerns over data quality; more information on this is provided in the ‘Data Quality and Uses’ section. Information on the data items collected in the census, including those collected on a voluntary basis, is provided in the guide to submitting data.

Data was collected at an individual social worker level and figures in this statistics publication are shown on both a headcount and full-time equivalent basis. The only exceptions to this are the number of vacancies (FTE) and the number of FTE agency workers covering vacancies that were collected at an aggregate (local authority) level.

Data cleaning

Local authorities submit their data to the department through the COLLECT (collections online for learning, education, children and teachers) data collection system. This data is stored securely by the department and access to it is restricted to a small number of officials prior to publication. 

The department carries out validation checks, including those that are built into the data collection system, and additional credibility checks that make comparisons between the data collected for the current year and the previous year. The validation checks built into the data collection system enable local authorities to identify errors and discrepancies, and clean their data before it is submitted to the department. 

Throughout the data collection local authorities were encouraged to check and, where necessary, correct errors and discrepancies within their data. All local authorities were asked to provide comments against any validation queries in their data and to confirm that the data submitted was accurate.

Definitions

Children and family social workers

Children and family social workers are social workers registered with Social Work England (SWE), formerly the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), working in a local authority in a children’s services department or, if working in an authority where the services are joined up, a social worker that works primarily on children and families work. Children and family social workers are employed and paid directly by the local authority.

Agency workers

Agency workers are children and family social workers not directly paid by the local authority. These may be social workers who are paid by an agency rather than the local authority or who are self-employed.

Headcount

Headcount is a count of all individual children and family social workers regardless of their working pattern. In instances where a social worker holds more than one post, only one post (the more senior role where applicable) is counted to avoid duplication. 

For headcount at 30 September of the reporting year, duplicates are removed based on local authority, Social Work England (formerly Health and Care Professions Council) identifier, date of birth, gender and ethnicity. This provides a count of the number of individual social workers regardless of their working pattern. 

For starters during the year duplicates are removed based on local authority, Social Work England identifier, date of birth, gender, ethnicity and start date.

For leavers during the year duplicates are removed based on local authority, Social Work England identifier, date of birth, gender, ethnicity and leaving date.

Duplicate records for agency workers are not removed, with each record regarded as a separate individual. 

Full-time Equivalent (FTE)

Duplicates are not removed from full-time equivalent (FTE) figures. FTEs are derived by aggregating the total number of hours that staff are contracted to work and dividing by the standard hours for their grade. In this way, part-time staff are converted into an equivalent number of ‘full-time’ staff. This allows for meaningful comparisons of measures such as caseload across local authorities.

FTE figures exclude records for social workers for whose FTE was recorded as zero; this was 0.7% records for children and family social workers in post at 30 September 2022, compared to 0.5% in 2021 and 1.0% in 2017.

Starters

Starters are social workers who joined a vacant children and family social worker post at a local authority in the year ending 30 September. This includes social workers who have previously worked in the same local authority, but in a non-child and family social worker role, and children and family social workers joining from another local authority.

A move or promotion from one child and family social work position to another within the same local authority is not counted as a starter. Similarly, social workers returning from maternity or sick leave are not counted as starters. 

Refer to the data quality section for details of data quality issues regarding this measure.  

Leavers

Leavers are social workers who left a children and family social worker post at a local authority in the year ending 30 September. This includes social workers who are staying at a local authority, but moving to a non-child and family role, for example moving to adult social care, and those continuing as children’s social workers but moving to a different local authority.

Leavers also include social workers who have begun a career break, those seconded out of an organisation or those leaving the profession altogether. They do not include social workers who have started maternity or sick leave.

A move or promotion from one children’s social work position to another children’s social work position within a local authority is not counted as a leaver, unless the social worker left employment at the local authority in between these roles.

Cases

A case is defined as any person allocated to a named social worker, where the work involves child and family social work. This may include:  

• an individual child allocated to a social worker (for example, a family of three siblings where each child is allocated to a social worker counts as three individual cases) including those on a child protection plan, children in need, fostering and adoption cases and care leavers
• a carer or carers allocated to a social worker for the purposes of fostering or adoption.

Cases may be held by social workers regardless of their role in the organisation and not just those specifically in a ‘case  holder’ role.

The number of cases held is typically smaller than the number of children in need at 31 March. This may be explained by a number of factors, including different count dates for the data collections and variance in the interpretation of the department’s guidance.

Some local authorities have raised issues around reporting the ‘number of cases held at 30 September’ data item and linking cases to social workers at an individual level. 

The above issues should be taken into consideration when interpreting caseload figures

Sickness absence

Sickness absence is the number of working days missed due to sickness absence during the year ending 30 September. It is possible that this measure of sickness absence does not give a full picture of capacity shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic; for example, workers may be working from home whilst shielding and unable to carry out face to face work. 

The Vulnerable children and young people survey has been collecting information on social workers unavailable to work due to coronavirus (COVID-19).

Vacancies

The number of FTE vacancies within the local authority at 30 September. This is an aggregate (local authority-level) number collected by the local authority.

Age and gender

Age and gender breakdowns are provided at both FTE and headcount for:  

• Social workers in post at 30 September
• Starters
• Leavers

For children and family social workers in post at 30 September (including those who started during the reporting year), age is derived from the date of birth recorded in the census and is their age at 30 September of the reporting year.

The age of leavers is the age of the child at family social worker when they left their post at the local authority.

Gender is taken from the 'gender' data item collected in the census.

Ethnicity

Ethnicity groups are based on the ethnic origin data item collected in the census and are provided on a headcount basis.

From 2021 onwards children and family social workers whose ethnicity was recorded as Chinese have been included in the ‘Asian’ ethnic group, whereas previously they were included in the ‘other ethnic group'. As a result of this change, 2021 data for these two ethnic groups is not directly comparable with earlier years.

Children and family social workers whose ethnicity was recorded as Chinese are included in the ‘Asian’ ethnic group for each of the four years (2019, 2020 ,2021 and 2022) of the role by ethnicity data. 

Time in service at local authority

Time in service is derived from ‘Role Start Date’, which is collected in the census. Time in service is a measure of the total time in years that a social worker has been employed continuously in any children and family social worker role at their current local authority, rather than only the time they have spent in their current children and family social worker role.

Time in service breakdowns are provided for both FTE and headcount for:  

• Social workers in post at 30 September
• Leavers

Calculations of Headcount and Full-time Equivalent (FTE) measures

Number of children and family social workers in post at 30 September

A count of the number of children and family social workers in post at 30 September of the reporting year by headcount and FTE. This measure includes all children and family social workers with a role start date on or before 30 September of the reporting year and either no end date or an end date after 30 September of the reporting year. It does not include agency workers, who are reported separately within this publication. 

From 2022 (and 2021 for FTE only) onwards a child and family social worker who left their post on the 30 September is not counted as in post at 30 September. For earlier years, a child and family social worker who left their post on the 30 September was counted as both in post at 30 September and a leaver during the reporting year.  

The headcount of children and family social workers in post 30 September 2022 (excluding workers who left their post on the 30 September) is reported as 33,689 in this publication. Using the previous method (including workers who left their post on the 30 September) this figure would be 33,750, which is an additional 61 children and family social workers or 0.2% higher. 

Number of children and family social worker starters during year ending 30 September

A count of the number of children and family social workers with a start date during the year ending 30 September, by headcount and FTE. The calculation for FTE starter figures is based on FTE at 30 September of the reporting year.

Refer to the ‘Definitions’ section for more information on the definition of a starter.

Number of children and family social worker leavers during year ending 30 September

A count of the number of  children and family social workers with a leaving date during the year ending 30 September by headcount and FTE. The calculation for FTE leaver figures is based on FTE at 30 September of the previous reporting year, for example: the FTE of leavers during the year ending 30 September 2022 is derived from their FTE at 30 September 2021. 

Refer to the ‘Definitions’ section for more information on the definition of a leaver.

Time in service at local authority (also see definitions section above)

For children and family social workers in post at 30 September, time in service is calculated as the time in years from when the worker started in a children and family social worker role at the local authority to 30 September of the reporting year.

For children and family social worker leavers, time in service is calculated as the time in years from when the worker started in a children and family social worker role at the local authority to the date they left a children and family social worker role at the local authority.

Number of agency workers in post at 30 September

A count of the number of agency workers employed as children and family social workers at 30 September of the reporting year. Data is collected only on those agency workers in post at the 30 September and does not include those who left during the year.

Number of agency workers covering vacancies

This is an aggregate (local authority-level) number collected by the local authority, at both FTE and headcount level.

Average caseload per FTE

The average caseload per FTE children and family social worker is calculated by taking the total number of cases held by each children and family social worker (including agency workers) at 30 September, divided by the number of FTE children and family social workers (including agency workers) in post at 30 September who have one or more cases and an FTE greater than zero [1].

Caseload data from 2017 onwards is not directly comparable with that for earlier years, due to methodology differences.

[1] From 2022 onwards, only those children and family social workers with both a caseload and  FTE greater than zero are included in the caseload calculation. Previously children and family social workers were included if their caseload was greater than 0, even if their FTE was 0.  

This change means there are 500 fewer cases at 30 September 2022 included in the calculation than there would be using the previous method; a reduction of 0.15% to 335,600. The number of FTE children and family social workers included in the calculation is not affected. Both methods give the same national average caseload of 16.6 for 2022 and are therefore broadly comparable.

The following rates are multiplied by 100 and shown as a percentage in the accompanying statistics publication.

Sickness absence rate (FTE)

The sickness absence rate is calculated as the number of days missed due to sickness absence during the year divided by the number of FTE children and family social workers in post at 30 September multiplied by 253 days (the number of working days in a non-leap year, taking account of bank holidays). The rate for a leap year is based on 254 working days.

Agency worker rate (FTE and headcount)

The FTE agency worker rate is calculated as the number of FTE agency staff working as children and family social workers at 30 September divided by the sum of the number of FTE agency staff working as children and family social workers at 30 September and the number of children and family FTE social workers at 30 September. 

The headcount agency worker rate is calculated as the number of headcount agency staff working as children and family social workers at 30 September divided by the sum of the number of headcount agency staff working as children and family social workers at 30 September and the headcount of children and family social workers at 30 September. 

Agency workers covering vacancies rate (FTE)

The agency workers covering vacancies rate is calculated as as the number of FTE agency workers covering vacancies at 30 September divided by the number of FTE agency workers at 30 September.

Turnover rate (FTE and headcount)

The FTE turnover rate is calculated as the number of FTE children and family social worker leavers in the year, divided by the number of FTE social workers in post at the 30 September.

The headcount turnover rate is calculated as the number of headcount children and family social worker leavers in the year, divided by the number of headcount social workers in post at the 30 September. 

Refer to the ‘Definitions’ section for more information on the definition of leavers.

Vacancy rate (FTE)

The vacancy rate is calculated as the number of  FTE vacancies at 30 September divided by sum of the number of FTE vacancies at 30 September and the number of FTE children and family social workers in post  at 30 September.

Vacancy agency cover rate (FTE)

The vacancy agency cover rate is calculated as the number of  FTE agency workers in post at 30 September covering vacancies divided by the number of FTE vacancies at 30 September.

Data Quality and Uses

Data quality

The quality of the data has improved since the first collection of individual social worker data in 2017.  This is mainly due to improved guidance and data validation, and the work undertaken by local authorities to provide accurate data in their census return.

Quality assurance checks have been carried out at each stage of the data collection and production cycle of the statistical publication. Anomalous data were highlighted and verified by contacting the local authority and late returns pursued to ensure overall response was as complete and accurate as possible.

The data collection included validation checks, as covered in the data collection and cleaning section. All local authorities were asked to provide comments on the return relating to any validation queries and, where applicable, asked to confirm that  year on year changes were valid.

The majority of local authorities derive their children and family social work workforce data from their management information systems. This data requires checking and managerial sign off before it is submitted. However, the department does not collect information on the specific data checks carried out by local authorities. 

Some known data quality issues are listed below:

Comparisons between years	Since 2013 the children’s social work workforce census has collected data for each full year ending 30 September. Data has been collected on an individual social worker level basis since 2017, whereas from 2013 to 2016 it was collected at an aggregate (local authority) level. Prior to 2013, the primary source for information on the children and family social work workforce was the National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDS-SC), which was a voluntary return. The changes to the data collection mean the statistics are not directly comparable over time. Data quality has continued to improve since the introduction of the individual level collection, with local authorities becoming more familiar with the return and their data collection systems better placed to provide the data. Furthermore, the department has improved the guidance and validation checks for the data collection. Year on year comparisons therefore may not represent true changes in the number of children and family social workers  (and associated measures) and may in part be a result of improved reporting. There are known discrepancies between years: for example, we would expect, at local authority level, that the number of children and family social workers in post for a reporting year would equal the number of social workers in post for the preceding reporting year plus the number of starters for the reporting year minus the number of leavers for the reporting year. However, this is not the case for a number of local authorities and may be due to improved reporting over time, or differences in how the department’s guidance on starters and leavers has been interpreted across different years. As a result of the above issues any comparisons between years should be treated with a degree of caution.
Starters	The number of starters during the year is derived from the date a social worker started in a children and family social worker role at a local authority. Some local authorities have reported that they have recorded start dates when an employee has moved children and family social worker posts within the same local authority. However, a start date should only be recorded where the person is a new children and family social worker: this includes child and family social workers who joined a vacant child and family social worker post at a new local authority and social workers who have previously worked in the same local authority, but in a non-child and family social worker role. It should not include a move or promotion from one child and family social work position to another child and family social work position within the same local authority. As a result the number of starters reported in this publication may be higher than the actual number, as moves or promotions from one child and family social work position to another child and family social work position within the same local authority may be included in the figures in some instances.
Duplicate records	Duplicates have been removed at a headcount level to account for cases where individuals have split roles; this avoids double counting. At FTE level, duplicates have not been removed so that the FTE for each role is captured. There are some instances where the sum of the FTE for a social worker undertaking split roles is greater than 1. In this case the FTE for some local authorities may be greater than the headcount figure.
FTE	An FTE of zero was recorded for some children and family social workers in the census. These workers are included in the headcount statistics. However they are excluded from the FTE count, since their  FTE value is zero. In some instances, local authorities have reported that these children and family social workers were working on a zero hour contract or casual basis and therefore did not have an FTE.  The number of FTE children and family social workers at 30 September reported in this publication is therefore likely to undercount the actual total. In 2022, 0.7% of records for children and family social workers in post at 30 September had an FTE value of zero, compared to 0.5% in 2021 and 1.0% in 2017.
FTE leavers	The FTE of leavers is based on their FTE at 30 September of the previous year.  This was recorded as zero for some children and family social workers who left their post during the year.  As a result these workers are included in the headcount of leavers, but are excluded from the FTE count of leavers; since their FTE leaver value is zero.  The number of FTE leavers reported in this publication is therefore likely to undercount the actual total. In the year ending 30 September 2022, 5.9% of leavers had a value of zero recorded for their FTE at 30 September of the previous reporting year, compared to 6.6% in 2021 and 7.7% 2017. The missing information also affects the turnover rate at an FTE level, as these leavers are not included in the calculation.
Gaps and inconsistencies	Local authorities may not be able to provide a complete and consistent set of data for all statutory data variables. In this case data is shown as not available (denoted by ‘x’) within the data files.

Data items not included in the statistical publication 

Some data items collected in the children’s social work workforce census are not included in this statistical release, in some cases this is because of low response rates or concerns regarding the quality of the data. These are listed as follows:

Mandatory data items:

• Reason for leaving
• Destination of leaver
• Origin when started
• Qualification level
• Frontline and step up graduates

Voluntary data items:

• Absent on 30 September
• Reason for absence
• Knowledge and skills statement
• Qualifying institution
• Length of current post/assignment (agency workers only)

Data uses

The main internal users of these statistics are officials within the department, who use the information to provide advice to ministers on current and future policies. 

The main external users of these statistics are local authorities, who use the information to compare the statistics for their own local authority with national and regional statistics, and benchmark their statistics against those of other local authorities. Ofsted and the Children's Commissioner for England also use the data and statistics.

Confidentiality, conventions and rounding

Confidentiality

The Code of Practice for Statistics requires we take reasonable steps to ensure that our published or disseminated statistics protect confidentiality. 

Conventions

The following symbols are used in the underlying data files as follows: 

     c     to protect confidentiality - secondary suppression may also be applied to figures to protect confidentiality

     z      data not applicable 

     x      data not available 

Where any number is shown as zero, the original figure submitted was zero

Data may not be available for a number of reasons, including: where a local authority was unable to return a particular data item in the children's social work workforce census; changes to the data collected in the census; or because data is not available due to concerns regarding quality.

The symbols used are in accordance with the latest Government Statistical Service (GSS) guidance.

Rounding

• In the statistical commentary, figures for FTEs and headcounts have been rounded to the nearest 100 or whole number. Rates and percentages have been rounded to the nearest whole number or to one decimal place.
• In the underlying csv data files, figures for FTEs, rates and percentages have been rounded to one decimal place. Component parts therefore may not sum to totals. Headcounts are reported to the nearest whole number.

Related statistics

Characteristics of children in need: statistics on children in need in England.

Children looked after in England including adoptions: statistics on children under local authority care in England.

Annexes

Regional adoption agencies

A regional adoption agency (RAA) is a shared adoption service for several local authorities, working with Voluntary Adoption Agencies and other partners to deliver a system wide approach. RAAs were introduced with the aim that a larger service would be more efficient and effective than a fragmented system of smaller services in each local authority. At the time of the 2022 children’s social work workforce census 31 RAAs, covering over 140 local authorities, had gone live. Where the RAA is hosted by a local authority and staff have been transferred, the social workers working within the RAA are recorded against the host local authority in the children’s social work workforce data census.

RAA Name	Go Live Date	LAs within the RAA	Host LA
One Adoption West Yorkshire	April 2017	Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, Leeds and Wakefield	Leeds
Adoption Counts	July 2017	Stockport, Cheshire East, Manchester, Salford and Trafford	Stockport
Aspire	July 2017	Dorset, Bournemouth, Christchurch & Poole	Bournemouth
Together for Adoption	September 2017	Wigan, Cheshire West & Chester, Halton, St Helens and Warrington	Wigan
Adoption NoW	November 2017	Bolton, Blackburn with Darwen, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale and Tameside	Bolton
Adoption Thames Valley	December 2017	Oxfordshire, Bracknell Forest, Reading, Swindon, West Berkshire, Windsor and Maidenhead and Wokingham	Oxfordshire
Adopt Central England	February 2018	Warwickshire, Coventry, Solihull, Worcestershire and Herefordshire	Warwickshire
One Adoption North Yorkshire and Humber	March 2018	Kingston-Upon-Hull, East Riding, North East Lincolnshire, North Yorkshire and City of York	York
AIM	April 2018	Knowsley, Liverpool, Sefton and Wirral	Knowsley
Adopt Tees Valley	May 2018	Darlington, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland and Stockton	Stockton
Adopt South West	October 2018	Devon, Somerset, Plymouth and Torbay	Devon
Adopt North East	December 2018	Gateshead, Newcastle, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Northumberland	North Tyneside
Adoption West	March 2019	Bath North and East Somerset, Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, South Gloucestershire and Wiltshire	Local Authority Trading Company (LATC) led
Adopt South	April 2019	Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Portsmouth and Southampton	Hampshire
Adoption Connects	April 2019	Central Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes	Central Bedfordshire
Adoption @ Heart	April 2019	Dudley, Wolverhampton, Sandwell and Walsall	Wolverhampton
Adoption East Midlands	March 2019	Derby, Derbyshire, Nottingham and Nottinghamshire	Nottinghamshire
Ambitious for Adoption	May 2019	City of London, Harrow, Redbridge, Bromley, Waltham Forest, Hillingdon, Westminster, Slough and Kensington & Chelsea	VAA led
Adopt London South	September 2019	Croydon, Kingston Upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond Upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth	Southwark
Adopt London West	September 2019	Brent, Ealing, Hammersmith & Fulham and Hounslow	Ealing
Adopt London East	October 2019	Barking and Dagenham, Havering, Newham and Tower Hamlets	Havering
Adopt London North	October 2019	Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Hackney, Haringey and Islington	Islington
Adopt South East	April 2020	Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, Surrey, West Sussex	East Sussex
Blackpool & Lancashire	April 2020	Blackpool and Lancashire	Lancashire
Together4Children	April -September 2020	Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin	Staffordshire
Adopt East	October 2020	Essex, Hertfordshire, Luton, Norfolk, Southend-On-Sea, Suffolk, Thurrock and Bedford Borough	Partnership
Family Adoption Links	October 2020	Leicester, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire and Rutland	Lincolnshire
Adoption Partnership South East	November 2020	Bexley, Kent and Medway	Kent
Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Adoption	December 2020	Cambridgeshire and Peterborough	Cambridgeshire
One Adoption South Yorkshire	January 2021	Doncaster, Barnsley, Rotherham and Sheffield	Doncaster
Coast to Coast	April 2021	Cumbria, Durham and Sunderland	Partnership