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Reporting year 2023
Education provision: children under 5 years of age
Data guidance
Published
Description
This document describes the data included in the ‘Education provision: children under 5 years of age in England, January 2023’ National Statistics release.
The methodology page should be referenced alongside this data. It provides information on the data sources, their coverage and quality as well as explaining the methodology used in producing the data.
Coverage
This release provides statistics on government-funded early years provision for children aged 2 to 4 in state-funded schools (including nurseries), and private, voluntary, and independent providers (including childminders) in England.
The information is based on data collected via the early years census, school census, and school level annual school census.
The underlying data files include national, regional, and local authority level information for the position during census week in January for the years 2018 to 2023.
Symbols
The following symbols are used in the underlying data files as follows:
c to protect confidentiality - secondary suppression may also be applied to figures to protect confidentiality
u low reliability
z data not applicable
low used when a result that is not 0 (zero) would appear as 0 (zero) due to rounding
Where any number is shown as zero, the original figure submitted was zero.
Data files
All data files associated with this releases are listed below with guidance on their content. To download any of these files, please visit our data catalogue.
Number and percentage of eligible children registered for and number of providers delivering government-funded early years provision, by age and entitlement type. National timeseries back to 2015 for the 15-hour entitlement for 2-year-olds, 2011 for the 15-hour entitlement for 3 and 4-year-olds, and 2018 for the 30-hour entitlement for 3 and 4-year-olds.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age and entitlement type
number_children
Number of registered children
number_eligible_children
Estimate of eligible children
number_providers
Number of providers
percentage_eligible_children
Estimated percentage of eligible children registered
Footnotes
The estimated number of eligible 2-year-olds is derived from data supplied by the Department for Work and Pensions each November. It represents the best data available on the number of children meeting the benefit and tax credit eligibility criteria.
Population estimates for 3 and 4-year-olds from 2013 onwards are likely overestimates to some extent, and therefore the derived take-up rates are likely underestimates. Therefore the 3 and 4-year-old take-up rates need to be treated with caution. The population estimates and take-up rates back to 2013 will be revised in the 2024 release following ONS publication of a full and consistent timeseries based on Census 2021 population data. See methodology for more information.
Children who split their entitlement across more than one private, voluntary or independent provider are only counted at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
Number and percentage of eligible children registered for government-funded early years provision by age.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age
number_children
Number of registered children
number_eligible_children
Estimate of eligible children
percentage_eligible_children
Estimated percentage of eligible children registered
Footnotes
The estimated number of eligible 2-year-olds is derived from data supplied by the Department for Work and Pensions each November. It represents the best data available on the number of children meeting the benefit and tax credit eligibility criteria.
Population estimates for 3 and 4-year-olds from 2013 onwards are likely overestimates to some extent, and therefore the derived take-up rates are likely underestimates. Therefore the 3 and 4-year-old take-up rates need to be treated with caution. The population estimates and take-up rates back to 2013 will be revised in the 2024 release following ONS publication of a full and consistent timeseries based on Census 2021 population data. See methodology for more information.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
Number of children registered for and number of providers delivering government-funded early years provision by age, year group, and provider type.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age
number_children
Number of registered children
number_providers
Number of providers
provider_type
Type of provider
year_group
Entitlement type and year group
Footnotes
Children who split their entitlement across more than one private, voluntary or independent provider are only counted at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
Children attending a general hospital school and a small number of children attending a special school do not follow the national curriculum. These children are included in totals but not breakdowns by year group.
Where children under 4 years of age are recorded as in reception, this may be because they attend a school with a two-year reception class or other mixed-year class, because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to start reception year early, or for another reason.
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.
Some state-funded nursery schools have a reception class and/or some children may continue to attend their state-funded nursery school in reception year until they are ready for primary school.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
Number of disadvantaged children registered for government-funded early years provision, by age, disadvantage type and basis for funding.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age
basis_for_funding
Basis for funding
disadvantage_type
Disadvantage type
number_children
Number of registered children
percentage_children
Percentage of registered children
Footnotes
When children join a state-funded reception class, they cease to be eligible for early years pupil premium, so these statistics also identify children who are in reception and eligible for free school meals. Children who are not in reception but do attend state-funded nursery provision full-time may also be eligible for free school meals. However, these relatively small numbers are not included in this table as they are likely to be registered for the 15-hour entitlement for 2-year-olds or be in receipt of early years pupil premium.
No data on early years pupil premium or free school meals is available for children registered at general hospital schools.
Economic eligibility criteria are not identical across the 15-hour entitlement for disadvantaged 2-year-olds, early years pupil premium (EYPP), and free school meals (FSM). The income threshold for Universal Credit claimants is higher for the 2-year-old entitlement than it is for EYPP and FSM, and children from families with no recourse to public funds are eligible for the 2-year-old entitlement and FSM but not EYPP.
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.
Children can be counted under more than one basis for funding if more than one applies.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
Number of children registered for government-funded early years provision by age, year group, ethnicity and SEN provision.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age
ethnicity_major
Major ethnic group - Cross-tabulations with SEN available at national level only
number_children
Number of registered children
percentage_children
Percentage of registered children
sen_provision
Special educational needs (SEN) provision - Cross-tabulations with ethnicity available at national level only
year_group
Entitlement type and year group
Footnotes
Children attending a general hospital school and a small number of children attending a special school do not follow the national curriculum. These children are included in totals but not breakdowns by year group.
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.
The 'Unknown' category describes cases where the child's ethnicity was refused or not obtained. These children are included in the 'Total' numbers.
No data on ethnicity or SEN provision is available for children registered at general hospital schools.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
Number of children registered for government-funded early years provision by age, year group and provider's Ofsted inspection judgement.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age
number_children
Number of registered children
ofsted_judgement
Ofsted inspection judgement
percentage_children
Percentage of registered children
year_group
Entitlement type and year group
Footnotes
Children who split their entitlement across more than one private, voluntary or independent provider are only counted at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
Percentages are based upon those providers with a matched and identified Ofsted judgement (i.e., excludes 'No match found'). The four available judgements sum to 100% (may not be exact due to rounding).
Children attending a general hospital school and a small number of children attending a special school do not follow the national curriculum. These children are included in totals but not breakdowns by year group.
Where children under 4 years of age are recorded as in reception, this may be because they attend a school with a two-year reception class or other mixed-year class, because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to start reception year early, or for another reason.
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.
'No match found' includes independent schools who are not required to register with Ofsted and academy converters who have not yet been inspected under their new status. These are included as a proportion of the 'Total' numbers, based on the total number of children registered for government-funded early years provision at these providers.
Statutory guidance advises local authorities not to fund provision judged requires improvement or inadequate for eligible 2-year-olds unless sufficient, accessible provision judged good or outstanding is not available.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
The proportion of registrations for government-funded early years provision by age, provider type, and number of funded hours per week.
Unlike for the other data files, a child who has multiple registrations across different providers is counted for each separate registration, as opposed to only at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Age and entitlement type
hours_per_week
Number of funded hours per week
percentage_registrations
Percentage of registrations
provider_type
Provider type
Footnotes
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.
This table reflects the percentage of registrations for funded entitlements rather than the percentage of individual children. Therefore, where a child is splitting their entitlement across multiple providers, each separate registration has been counted.
Where a child takes their annual 15-hour entitlement flexibly over more than 38 weeks, the funded hours recorded in census week may underestimate the actual proportion of the entitlement taken annually, e.g. a child funded for 12 hours during census week may in fact be taking up the full 15-hour entitlement over more than 38 weeks.
The percentages across all banded hours sum to 100%, although this may not be exact due to rounding.
Registrations for the 30-hour entitlement by hours per week refer to the additional 15 hours on top of the 15-hour entitlement.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
Number of private, voluntary and independent providers delivering any amount of government-funded early years provision by age and provider type.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age
Entitlement type and age
number_providers
Number of providers
pvi_provider_type
Type of PVI provider
Footnotes
Since 2019, a data cleaning exercise with local authorities has improved data quality. Provider types are now more accurately recorded and caution should be taken when comparing across time.
State-funded governor-run provision is included in the private, voluntary and independent providers category because data for these providers is returned on the early years census.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
Number of staff delivering government-funded early years provision at private, voluntary, and independent providers, by highest qualification and provider type.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
highest_qualification
Highest level of qualification
number_staff
Number of staff
percentage_staff
Percentage of staff
pvi_provider_type
Type of PVI provider
Footnotes
Since 2019, a data cleaning exercise with local authorities has improved data quality. Provider types are now more accurately recorded and caution should be taken when comparing across time.
'Total' includes both qualified and unqualified staff.
These percentages are the proportion of all staff at that provider type who have a specific qualification, not the proportion of all staff with a specific qualification. Therefore, provider types will not sum to 100%.
State-funded governor-run provision is included in the private, voluntary and independent providers category because data for these providers is returned on the early years census.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
Number of private, voluntary, and independent providers delivering government-funded early years provision with at least one accredited graduate staff member, and number of children registered at these providers, by entitlement and provider type (national only).
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
entitlement_type
Type of entitlement
number_children
Number of registered children
number_children_providers_graduate_staff
Number of registered children at providers with at least one accredited graduate staff member
number_providers
Number of providers
number_providers_graduate_staff
Number of providers with at least one accredited graduate staff member
percentage_children_providers_graduate_staff
Percentage of children registered at providers with at least one accredited graduate staff member
percentage_providers_graduate_staff
Percentage of providers with at least one accredited graduate staff member
pvi_provider_type
Type of PVI provider - National level only
Footnotes
Children who split their entitlement across more than one private, voluntary or independent provider are only counted at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
Since 2019, a data cleaning exercise with local authorities has improved data quality. Provider types are now more accurately recorded and caution should be taken when comparing across time.
State-funded governor-run provision is included in the private, voluntary and independent providers category because data for these providers is returned on the early years census.
Data collected in 2021 (and to a lesser extent 2022) was affected by the impact of COVID-19 uncertainty on providers and parents. Further information is available in the methodology note.
In some years, data for a small number of local authorities is of low reliability due to error. See methodology for more details.
Commentary - Children registered by age and provider type
Filename
figure_4_early_years_provision_2023.csv
Geographic levels
National
Time period
2023
Content
Number of children registered for government-funded early years provision by age and provider type. Underlying data for Figure 2 in the statistical commentary.
Variable names and descriptions
Variable names and descriptions for this file are provided below:
Variable name
Variable description
age_entitlement
Age and type of entitlement
number_children
Number of registered children
provider_type
Type of provider
Footnotes
Children who split their entitlement across more than one private, voluntary or independent provider are only counted at the provider where they spend the majority of their time.
This chart does not include the small number of children attending a state-funded school who do not follow the national curriculum.
Where children under 4 years of age are recorded as in reception, this may be because they attend a school with a two-year reception class or other mixed-year class, because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to start reception year early, or for another reason.
A very small number of children under 5 years of age are registered in a higher year group than reception. This may be because the local authority has agreed it would be beneficial to the child, or for another reason. These children have been included in the reception category.